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	1965	Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society	95
	DISTRIBUTION AND HOSTS OF FIVE PHILOTES IN CALIFORNIA (LYCAENIDAE) Robert L. Langston University of California, Berkeley, Calif., U.S.A. In central coastal California, five entities of Philotes are known to occur: Philotes battoides bernardino, P. enoptes bayensis, P. enoptes smithi, P. enoptes tildeni, and P. sonorensis (Langston, 1964). The detailed area of this study encompasses the region in northern and central California from Humboldt County to San Luis Obispo County on the coast, and inland to the Sacramento and San Joaquin valleys. This area includes both the immediate coastal ranges (North Coast Range, Santa Cruz Mountains, and the Santa Lucia Range), and the inner coast ranges (Mt. Hamilton and Diablo Ranges south to the Tehachapi Moun­tains). Two of these Philotes (bernardino and sonorensis) occur to the east and are much more widespread to the south of the above-defined central coastal area. Confirmed records of these localities are indicated on the state maps (Figs. 1 and 3). However, for brevity, this additional distri­bution is cited by county only. Host plant associations are included under each Philotes along with the distributional records. The data given in detail (locality, date, numbers, and collector) are those that have come to my attention from several lepidopterists since an earlier paper (Langston, 1964) was submitted for publication. Also included are 1963 and 1964 data accumulated subse­quent to this paper. Previously published data (Mattoni, 1954; Langston, 1964) are given by locality only, but are repeated here to denote the remaining symbols on the central coastal map (Fig. 2). In an attempt to more easily picture the distributional patterns, the counties are listed from north to south, rather than alphabetically. The localities within each county are also listed from north to south, in com­bination with west to east, insofar as possible. Philotes battoides Bernardino Rarnes & McDunnough Philotes battoides bernardino Rarnes & McDunnough, 1916, Contr. Nat. Hist. Lepid. N.A, 3(2): 116. The San Bernardino blue is a late spring and early summer flier. Within the counties where detailed records are given below, it has been asso­ciated with Eriogonum fasciculatum foliolosum (Nuttall) S. Stokes. In southern California it has also been found, in most instances, on E. f. foliolosum. In addition it has been taken on E. fasciculatum fascicu-

	96	Langston: Further Philotes records                Vol. 19, no. 2
	latum Bentham along the immediate coast of southern California. In the desert and east slope areas it was found on E. fasciculatum polifolium (Bentham) S. Stokes and E. fasciculatum flavoviride (Munz & Johnston) S. Stokes. Central coastal records :
	San Benito Co.: Tres Pinos, 3 mi. S, VT-15-1963, 4 $ S, 2 9 9; Paicines, 12 mi. S, VI-15-1963, 3 $ S, 4 9 9; Pinnacles Nat. Mon., 4 mi. E, Vl-15-1963, 5 $ $, 7 9 9 (all R. L. Langston). Monterey Co.: Arroyo Seco; Arroyo Seco, 4 mi. E. Fresno Co.: Coalinga, 10 & 16 mi. NW, VI-7-1957, 2 $ $ (O. E. Sette). San Luis Obispo Co.: Creston, 3 mi. S, V-4-1962, 1 9 (R, W. Thorp); Simmler, 13 mi. WNW, VI-7-1957, 1 $ (O. E. Sette).
	Explanation of Map 1
	Geographic distribution of Philotes battoides bernardino Barnes & McDunnough in California.

	1965	Journal of the Lepidopterists Society	97
	Kern Co. (western part only): Frazier Park, VII-20-1963, 1 2 (J. A. Powell); Lebec, VI-9-1957, 2 $ $ (P. A. Opler); Tehachapi, 5 & 6 mi. NW, VI-14-1957, 6 S $ (O. E. Sette); near Woodford (Keene P. O.), VI-26-1955, 1 &,2 2 2 (J. A. Powell). California county records (see map 1): Inyo, Tulare, Kern, Ventura, Los Angeles, San Bernardino, Riverside, Orange, San Diego. Baja California Norte: South to Cedros Island (Rindge, 1948); Sierra San Pedro Martir (Patterson & Powell, 1960).
	Philotes enoptes bayensis Langston Philotes enoptes bayensis Langston, 1964, Jour. Lepid. Soc, 17: 208 ("1963"). This blue is a late spring and early summer flier. In Contra Costa and Solano counties oviposition and larval feeding are known to occur upon Eriogonum latifolium auriculatum (Bentham) S. Stokes. In Marin and Sonoma counties it is associated with Eriogonum latifolium nudum (Douglas ex Bentham) S. Stokes. In these counties auriculatum and nudum are both white-flowered varieties, and tend to hybridize, so that in certain areas (particularly Marin County) the two are almost in­separable. Within the area studied, these plants come into bloom in mid-May and extend into July, with early or "fresh" blossoms in evidence during the flight of P. enoptes bayensis. The discovery of some papered specimens collected in 1907 that had been stored in the basement at the California Academy of Sciences, ex­tended the range of this insect to the north—into Humboldt and Men­docino counties. These two counties are not shown on the central coastal map (Fig. 2), but the localities as noted by the collector are given below. Additional data is given in parenthesis to indicate the areas in relation to places that appear on most state maps. The complete known distribution is as follows: Humboldt Co.: Fruitland (near Eel River, SE of McCann), VI-15-1907, I S, 2 2 2, VI-17-1907, 8 S $, 14 2 2 (John Strohbeen). Mendocino Co.: Blue Rock (Creek 2 mi. S of Bell Springs), VI-18-1907, 1 $ (John Strohbeen). Sonoma Co.: Duncan Mills, 2 mi. E to 3 mi. NE, VII-9-1961, 3 $ $, 1 2, VII-6-1962, 6 $ $, 3 2 2, VI-29-1963, 1 2, VI-30-1963, 6 $ $, 2 2 2 (N. L. LaDue), VII-5-1964, 3 S $, 1 2 (R. L. Langston); Duncan Mills, 2 mi. W, VII-5-1964, 4 S &, 1 2 ; Occidental, 2 mi. W, VII-4-1964, 3 $ $, 12 $ 2 ; Forestville, 3 mi. W, VII-4-1964, 7 $ 8, 5 2 2; Graton, 3 mi. W, VII-4-1964, 2 $ $, 2 2 2 (all R. L. Langston). Marin Co.: China Camp, near Point San Pedro, V-30-1961, 2 $ $ (N. L. LaDue); Paradise Cay, 3 mi. SE of Corte Madera, V-30-1961, 27 $ $ & 2 2 , V-22-1962, 4 $ S, 2 2 2, V-29-1962, 37 S $ & 2 2 (N. L. LaDue); Tiburon, 2 mi. NE; hill above Tiburon, V-23-1964, 2, $ $, 1 2 (R. L. Langston). Solano Co.: Carquinez Strait at Glen Cove.

	98	Langston: Further Philoles records                Vol. 19, no. 2
	Contra Costa Co.: Point San Pablo, Richmond, VI-12-1964, 7 $ $, 3 9 9 (R. L. Langston); Point Richmond, V-30-1963, 13 $ $, 5 9 9, VI-1-1963, 24 3 <$, 9 9 9, V-17-1964, 17 3 3, 9 $ 9, V-27-1964, 18 $ $, 9 9 9, VI-6-1964, 10 $ $, 6 99, VI-12-1964, 17 $ #, 16■ $ 9 (all R. L. Langston). Philotes enoptes smithi Mattoni Philotes enoptes smithi Mattoni, 1954, Bull. So. Calif. Acad. Sci., 53: 160. This blue is a late summer flier, and has been associated with Eriogonum parvifolium Smith. Surveys were made in 1962 and 1963 between the northern and southern records indicated. Although the foodplant was found in abundance along the immediate coast (particularly near Point Lobos and to the north of Big Sur), no additional colonies of P. enoptes smithi were found. At­tempts were previously made to discover the race both to the north and south of the open circles on the map (Fig. 2), as noted by Langston (1964). The localities below have been published (Mattoni, 1955; Lang­ston, 1964), and are not given in further detail. The complete known distribution is as follows: Monterey Co.: Marina Beach, dunes; Seaside, dunes, VIII-19-1963, 2 S £ , 3 9 9 (R. L. Langston), VII-26-1964, 8^,3 2? (P. A. Opler); Monterey, "sand hills"; Paraiso Springs; Burns Creek, State Hwy. 1 (Type locality); Dolan Creek, State Hwy. 1; Lucia, 3 & 4 mi. SE, VIII-6-1956, 6 S S, 4 9 9 (O. E. Sette); Gorda, 4 mi. N. Philotes enoptes tildeni Langston Philotes enoptes tildeni Langston, 1964, Jour. Lepid. Soc., 17: 212 ("1963"). This blue is a late summer flier, and has been taken in association with yellow-flowered varieties of Eriogonum latifolium Smith. The plant sub­species varied with localities, and is cited with the detailed records below. All of these plants come into bloom in August and extend until October, with early or "fresh" blossoms in evidence during the flight of P. enoptes tildeni. Additional surveys extended the range of this insect considerably, into San Benito, Monterey, and San Luis Obispo counties. Colonies could occur all along the Diablo Range between these new records and the northern locales. Much of the range is rather inaccessible, with the greater part of the existing roads following the valleys. The complete known distribution and associated plants are as follows: Santa Clara Co.: Arroyo Bayo, E base of Mt. Hamilton; San Antonio Valley, E & ME of Mt. Hamilton [Eriogonum latifolium nudum (Douglas ex Bentham) S. Stokes]. Stanislaus Co.: Del Puerto Canyon, 22 mi. W of Patterson, lX-11-1963, 12 $ $, 2 9 9 (R. L. Langston & J. A. Powell); 18 mi. W of Patterson [E. latifolium auricu-latum (Bentham) S. Stokes]. San Benito Co.: Call Mts. above New Idria, VIII-27-1964, 4 9 9 (Langston, Powell & P. A. Opler) (E. latifolium auriculatum).

	1965                                Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society                                     99
	Scale 0 5 )0         20 30 Miles o io 20 3Q 4o so Kilometers N Philotes battoides bernardino Philotes enoptes W bayensis O smithi 3 tildeni Philotes sonorensis ^                             |KE SAN LUIS OBISPO A ■
	Explanation of Map 2 Geographic distribution of Philotes in central coastal California.

	100	Langston: Further Philotes records                Vol. 19, no. 2
	Monterey Co.: Parkfield, 3 mi. SE, VIII-23-1963, 1 2 (Powell) [E. latifolium saxicola (Heller) S. Stokes]. San Luis Obispo Co.: Cottonwood Pass, 6 mi. NE of Cholame, VIII-23-1963, 1 & (Powell), VIII-26-1963, 5 $ $, 1 2 (Powell & O. E. Sette), IX-20-1963, 1 2 (Sette), IX-11-1964, 3 & &, 2 2 $ (Langston & Powell) (E. latifolium indictum Jepson); Simmler, 8 mi. W, IX-11-1964, 4 S 6, 4 2 2 (Langston, Powell & A. J. Slater) (E. latifolium saxicola). Philotes sonorensis (Felder & Felder) Lycaena sonorensis Felder & Felder, 1865, Reise Freg. Novara, Lepid. 2(2): 281. The Sonora blue is an early to late spring flier. Adults have been taken from early February to May depending on elevation, and exposure of the rocky areas upon which the foodplant occurs. Latitude appears to have little effect, as the adult flight in many seasons is as early in northern as in southern California. The larvae are known to feed on various members of the stonecrop family (Comstock, 1927; Comstock and Coolidge, 1930). In southern California P. sonorensis has been associated with stoaecrops with erect, terete leaves (Stylophyllum), and others having angular fleshy rosettes (Sedum and Dudleya). However, recent classifications place all of the California Stylophyllum and many species of Sedum in the genus Dud­leya. In the central coastal area, Philotes sonorensis has been found to be associated exclusively with Dudleya cymosa setchellii (Jepson) Moran.1 Exact host determinations would be necessary to know whether this blue feeds on anything other than Dudleya under present taxonomic concepts. Central coastal records: Santa Clara Co.: Alum Rock Park, 11-21-1954, 1 $, 111-11-1956, 2 S $, 2 2 2, 11-22-1964, 7 £$, 1 2, III-7-1964, 1 $, 11-11, 13-1965, 2 $ $ (P. A. Opler), 111-21-1957, 3. $ 2, IV-2-1960, 1 & (O. E. Sette), 11-12-1964, 12 $ &, 5 2 2 (R. L. Langston), 11-14-1965, 4 $ $, 11-19-1965, 10 $ $, 4 2 2 (A. J. Slater); Arroyo Del Valle, E base of Mt. Hamilton. Stanislaus Co.: Adobe Creek; Del Puerto Canyon, 22 mi. W of Patterson, III-5-1963, 1 2, IV-30-1963, 1 $, 11-22-1964, 2 $ $ (Langston); 21 mi. W of Patterson, 11-22-1964, 3 $ $, 5 9 2 (Langston). San Benito Co.: Pinnacles Natl. Mon., north road, 111-31-1962, 1 $ (D. C. Rentz). Monterey Co.: Carmel, 10 mi. S, IV-14-1963, 1 $ (D. W. Conard); Big Sur, V-4-1952, 2 2 2 (T. W. Davies); Partington Canyon, 9 mi. S of Big Sur, IV-21-1956, 5 $ $ (P. A. Opler), V-l 1-1964, 2 $ $ (R. M. Brown). San Luis Obispo Co.: Paso Robles, 111-10-1894, 1 $ (W. G, Wright); Atascadero, III-6, 7, 8-1932, 7 & $, 111-13, 16-1932, 4 $ $, IV-4-1932, 1 $, 111-14, 26-1935, 2 S S, IV-5-1935, 1 S, 1 2 (V. L. Clemence). California county records (see map 3):
	1 During recent collecting in Placer county (N. Fork, American River E. of Auburn, 111-23-1965, Langston), two females were taken resting on Dudleya cymosa cymosa < Lemaire) Britton & Rose (det. by Reid V. Moran, San Diego Nat. Hist. Mus.). In Tuolumne and Mariposa counties, Dudleya cymosa minor (Rose) Moran was found in abundance, but the small number of males collected were not directly associated with this plant.

	1965	Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society	101
	Explanation of Map 3 Geographic distribution of Philotes sonorensis (Felder & Felder) in California.
	Placer, Tuolumne, Mariposa, Santa Barbara, Ventura, Los Angeles, San Bernardino Orange, Riverside, San Diego, Imperial. Baja California Norte: South to vicinity of Punta Prieta (Powell, 1958). Acknowledgments I wish to acknowledge the helpful cooperation of the following for making available specimens for examination, and data from private and institutional collections in their care: Noel L. LaDue, Sacramento; C. D. MacNeill, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco; Lloyd M. Martin, Los Angeles County Museum; Paul A. Opler, San Jose; J. A.

	102                                  Langston: Further Philotes records                Vol. 19, no. 2 Powell, California Insect Survey, Berkeley; O. E. Sette, Los Altos; and J. W. Tilden, San Jose State College. The assistance of Helen K. Shar-smith, Herbarium of the University of California, Berkeley, and that of J. T. Howell, California Academy of Sciences, is greatly appreciated for the many plant determinations. Literature Cited Comstock, J. A., 1927. Butterflies of California. Published by the author; Los Angeles, Calif., 334 pp., 63 pi. Comstock, J. A., & C. Coolidge, 1930. The life history of Philotes sonorensis Felder. Bull. So. Calif. Acad. Sci., 29: 17-21. Langston, R. L., 1964. Philotes of central coastal California (Lycaenidae). Jour. Lepid. Soc, 17: 201-223 ("1963"). Mattoni, R. H. T., 1954. Notes on the genus Philotes (Lycaenidae : Lepidoptera). Description of three new subspecies and a synoptic list. Bull. So. Calif. Acad. Sci., 53: 157-165. Patterson, D., & J. A. Powell, 1960. Lepidoptera collecting in the Sierra San Pedro Martir, Baja California. Jour. Lepid. Soc, 13: 229-235 ("1959"). Powell, J. A., 1958. Additions to the knowledge of the butterfly fauna of Baja California Norte. Lepid. News, 12: 26-32. Rindge, F. H., 1948. Contributions toward a knowledge of the insect fauna of Lower California. No. 8. Lepidoptera : Rhopalocera. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 34: 289^312.
	BOOK REVIEW FAUNA OF THE U.S.S.R, LEPIDOPTERA, VOL. 4, PART 2, TINEI-DAE, PART 2. SUBFAMILY NEMAPOGONINAE. By A. K. Zagula-jev, 5 May 1964, 424 pp., 385 text figs., 2 colored pis. Published by the Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences, Moscow & Leningrad, U.S.S.R. (new series no. 86) [In Russian]. This new volume of the "Fauna" forms the second part of the exten­sive monograph of the interesting family, of which the third part has been published already four years ago (cf. my review in this journal, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 130-132, 1961). The present volume comprises an extensive treatment of the second subfamily, the chiefly mycetophagous Nemapogoninae, with regard to the species occurring in the Soviet Union and the adjoining countries. The source of the material is the same as before, the collections in Leningrad and Moscow, personal collecting by the author, and Wocke collection. The set up of the work is about the same as of the third part. A chapter on general morphology of adult and immature stages comprises 55 pages; it is followed by remarks on biology; on classification and phylogeny; and on geographical distribution. Then a chapter on eco­nomic importance of the insects is added where the injury, the measures,

	1965	Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society	103
	and the technique of their application are described. Several species belonging to the subfamily represent serious temporary or permanent pests of certain stored products, as grain, grain products, products of bakeries, and also dried fruits and dried mushrooms (used for food). An extensive list of literature completes the general part. In the special part the subfamily Nemapogoninae is treated systemat­ically, starting with an extensive description of the subfamily in order to discriminate it from the closely allied first subfamily, Scardiinae. The Nemapogoninae are divided into three new tribes, viz. 1. Triaxomerini, containing the genera Neurothaumasia Le March (6 species), Triaxo-masia g. n. (1), Triaxomera Zag. (3), and Nemaxera g. n. (1). 2. Nema-pogonini, with Petalogr aphis Zag. (2), Nemapogon Schr. (2), Anemapo-gon Zag. (8), Paranemapogon g. n. (2), Archinemapogon Zag. (5), and Longiductus g. n. (5), and 3. Haplotineini, with a single genus, Haplo-tinea Diak. & Hint. (3). Altogether 11 genera with 57 species, five of which are new, are treated. For the identification of the genera three different kinds of keys are presented, based on external characters, on male, and on female genital characters. For identification of the species three similar kinds of keys are available and besides, a key based on larval chaetotaxy. Numerous text figures illustrate head with mouthparts, wing neura-tion of all genera; and the adult and the male and female genitalia of every species. Larval chaetotaxy of more injurious species is given and illustrated. Seventeen species are illustrated on colored plates. For the classification of genera wing venation, mouthparts, and geni­talia of the two sexes are used. In this part abbreviated literature refer­ences are given not only for the species (as in the previous part) but also for the genera which is a better practice. The merits of the present (second) part of the monograph are similar to those of the already published third part, but exceed that in the completeness of description, the number of treated species in this subfamily being the same, while the amount of pages doubled. Therefore, the work may justly serve as a standard which the student of any other group of Microlepidoptera may copy to his advantage. The author may be congratulated with this excellent piece of work. It forms a further step towards the completion of the revision of the Palaearctic representatives of the Tineidae and a sound basis for further study of the taxonomy of this interesting group. I have no doubt that the concluding part, Scardiinae, will follow soon. A. Diakonoff, Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden, NETHERLANDS

	104                                        Phillips: Odd Boloria flight                     Vol. 19, no. 2 FLIGHT HABITS OF BOLORIA TODDI While collecting butterflies along the Beaver River about four miles west of Cedar Falls, Black Hawk County, Iowa, on 3 September 1964, from 12:45 to 1:45 P.M., I made the following observations on Boloria toddi toddi Holland. The habitat is an open place in a wooded river bottom which is used as pastureland. Flowers in bloom were: Helenium autumnale L. (sneezeweed), Solidago (tall goldenrod), Veronia altissima Nutt. (tall ironweed), and Cirsium lanceolatum (L.) (bull thistle). Trees in this particular spot are a few scrubby Crataegus (hawthorn) and Gleditsia triacanthos L. (honey locust). I was investigating Phyciodes tliaros (Drury) and Euptoieta cluudia (Cramer), which were quite plentiful, especially on the sneezeweed, when something flew by that looked like a tiny Speyerm; I assumed it was a Boloria. I tried to capture it but to no avail. However, I was surprised in a few moments to see it or another one fly past again. Then by careful observation, I was able to ascertain that this particular Boloria had set up a territory, roughly 100 feet north and south by 500-600 feet east and west. By standing in one spot I found that the butterfly would fly past me periodically. Presently, I discovered that there were two individuals and that both were following the same pattern of flight. Both butterflies circled back and forth in a roughly clockwise motion, east to west, never alighting during the hour-long observation period and never flying very high. The flight was jerky and fast with a circular, zigzag pattern making the butterflies extremely difficult to capture. They eluded the net very easily. Finally, after three quarters of an hour, I managed to capture one of them, a male, and was thus able to identify the species. The remaining one I made no attempt to capture. The two B. toddi paid no attention to the flowers that were in bloom. Occasionally a P. tharos that was present on the sneezeweed flowers would rise up to engage in aerial conflict with the B. toddi as they flew past, but they did not seem to pay much attention to the apparently ag­gressive Phyciodes. The Phyciodes also flew at the E. claudia very ag­gressively. The two Boloria's were in good condition, with very bright colors, and looked as though they were freshly emerged. According to Klots (1951, Field Guide to the Butterflies: 92) this butterfly is double brooded. The two individuals which I observed must have represented the second brood, since they were so fresh late in the season. This may be a new record for B. toddi in the Cedar Falls area, as this is the first time I have observed the species in this area. Leonard S. Phillips, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago 16, III.